Cherry Orchard By Chekhov Essays - The Cherry Orchard,

Cherry Orchard By Chekhov There is a convincing debate whether The Cherry Orchard is a tragedy or a comedy. Chekhov strongly argues that the play is a comedy and should be performed as a comedy. The philosopher Aristotle can support Chekhov perception of his play. Aristotle defines a comedy as "an imitation of characters of a lower type who are not bad in themselves but whose faults possess something ludicrous in them." The misinterpretation of The Cherry Orchard is due to a misunderstanding of what a comedy is. The sympathy and compassion of the main characters in The Cherry Orchard should not blind the reader to the fact that they are virtually comic characters. For example no character could be more ludicrous then a patrician like Gayev, whose characteristics according to Chekhov are "suavity and elegance". It is not the fact that Gayev becomes a bank official that is laughable but that sense the beginning of the play it is made quite clear that he would not be able to hold a job for even a month. It is also ironic that Gayev would become a bank official considering that it is obvious that he and the rest of his family are all terrible with money. Along with Gayev his sister's ability to understand business and budget their money is completely ludicrous. Through out the play Ranyevskaya continuously spends money although the family is broke and losing everything they own. She has Leonid give Pishchik two hundred and forty rubles although she has told Pishchik "I have no money, my sweet." This is ridiculous and the reader has to laugh at the ignorance of this family. Even more ludicrous is Ranyevskaya concern for the lost of her belongs but makes no attempt to save them. After Lopakhin has spent act one and some of act two explaining how to save the land Ranyevskaya is ably to ask, "what can we possibly do? Tell us." This leaves Lopakhin to make a comical comment about this family "such a strange unbusiness like people." Although tragic events are taking place through out the play, the characters actions and dialect is comical. The symbolism of the sale of the cherry orchard can be sent as comical; it becomes a seminal icon for the memories of the family. This play is generated on seminal values of this family. No one in the family wants to see the cherry orchard go but it is ludicrous that the family does not see that the cherry orchard is going either by sale or development. Sense this is a fact, it is only risible that the family should profit from the lost of the cherry orchard. The importance of seminal values should be over run by the importance of survival. Ranyevskaya does not seem to be concerned with survival and can only see the cherry orchard as a seminal object. This is completely ridiculous and demonstrates the comical actions of Ranyevskaya. The view of the cherry orchard as a seminal object also effects the true objective of the cherry orchard. Firs says: "In the old days, forty, fifty years ago, they used to dry the cherries, they used to soak them, they used to pickle them, they used to make jam out of them, and year after year." This caption informs the reader that the original purpose for the land was for profit. Ranyevskaya memories of the orchard as a fantastic playground disallows her to see the truth that the cherry orchard was just her parents business and it is time to change the business because times have changed. Every one of the many characters was carefully planned out to show some purpose in the message conveyed in The Cherry Orchard. Chekhov is able to show that the core of humanity is full of ludicrous emotions and ideas. The importance of the use of comedy in the play conveys with the importance of comedy in our lives. It shows the reader how the most ridiculous moments and decisions are probably the most important ones. The decisions of the characters are full of "faults that posses something ludicrous in them" which allows this to be considered a comedy.

Working with children and young people in education The WritePass Journal

Working with children and young people in education Introduction Working with children and young people in education IntroductionSummary of the main argument of the articleDiscuss the ethical considerations or implications in working with children/and or young people. Refer to the article selected (about 700 words)References Related Introduction Summary of the main argument of the article Jabeen (2009) conducted a quantitative and a qualitative children-related study in Pakistan. By using quantitative research methods in the first study she could differentiate between certain groups of children, examine their demographic features and outline their problems. This was done from the â€Å"adult perspective†. The second study was based on qualitative-interpreting methods and constituted a participatory approach which had an added value to the evaluation. While participatory research can be resource- and time intensive it provides an insight into children’s lives which constitutes a necessity in order for society to understand children’s experiences. In addition this kind of research increases the likelihood of being able to protect the wellbeing of children and young people. In Jabeen’s second study the children were involved in the research and determined the terms of their interaction with the researchers. Children participants could maintain their individuality, autonomy and privacy. Such research ensures childrens rights to form opinions and express them in their preferred form and protect them against exploitation through research processes. This is very important since in the Pakistani cultural context there are no national statements or standards for the ethical conduct of research (Jabeen, 2009) and thus rights-based research involving children is not being guaranteed. Jabeen (2009) suggests that the role of ‘least-adult’ i.e. operating on the children’s level in their social worlds, could be beneficial in such a context in order to engage the trust of children whilst conducting research with them.   Jabeen described the children’s participation as enthusiastic because they had â€Å"never been asked before† and had the chance to express their opinions and talk about their personal experiences. Discuss the ethical considerations or implications in working with children/and or young people. Refer to the article selected (about 700 words) Rights-based research with children (but also with adults) makes it necessary to implement an approach that reveals patterns and differences within children’s experiences across times, places and cultures (Beazley et. al, 2009, p.369). The UNCRC points out, that children have the same rights as adults (Beazley et. al, 2009, p.368). These rights include respect, dignity, equality, expression, non-discrimination, life, and civil participation. However as Robson et. al (2009) observe, an international treaty such as the UNCRC can only refer to basic common rights of daily life, which are depending on different cultural values. It is however of importance, that children’s rights are defined by considering the respective cultural context. The authors stress out the significance of four ethical considerations, namely: (i) participation, (ii) acting in the best interests of children, (iii) protecting children from exploitation and (iv) researching young people â€Å"properly† (Robson et. al., 2009, p.468). With respect to the first ethical consideration, the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child provides children with the right to have a say in those matters affecting their lives (Robson et. al., 2009, p.467), thus legitimizing children’s participation in research. For the successful implementation of participatory research, it is essential that adult researchers behave respectfully towards children and young people, encourage the trust of children, are flexible with respect to the research design using methods which enable children to express their opinions, views and experiences and provide a transparent research process (Beazley et. al, 2009, p.370). Regarding the acting in the best interests of children it is essential that researchers try to conduct their research as ethically as possible. Robson et. al (2009) indicate that this is not always possible. For example by trying to ensure children’s participation in their research, the authors did not consider collisions between the young people’s school studies and their involvement in research (Robson et. al, 2009, p.471). The third ethical consideration concerns the protection of a possible exploitation of children. While the UNCRC states in Article 19 the right of children to be protected from exploitation which is being specified in article 32, a definition of the term â€Å"exploitation† is missing. This is somehow problematic since the limits of ethical research have to be decided in this case by the individual researcher (Robson et. al., 2009, p.472). The last ethical consideration concerns the children ´s right to be researched properly i.e. researching the lives of children is expected to maintain reasonable academic standards. This raises the question of who is eligible to research children properly. Jabeen (2009) suggests that a combination of different methods of data collection can increase the reliability of research and could be a proper way of pursuing children-based research. An answer as if to whether the â€Å"adult perspective† or the â€Å"children perspective† is the only proper way to research children cannot be easily given. It seems that ethical practice which often involves the balancing of different demands is not easy in practice (Robson et. al., 2009, p.467). Successful rights-based research depends more on the political and ethical commitments of the researchers (Robson et. al., 2009, p.477). However doing research â€Å"right† and â€Å"properly† means above all trying to maintain high ethical standards to protect children and young people from exploitation and respecting their rights, opinions and views. References Beazley, H.; Bessell, S.; Ennew, J.; and Waterson, R. (2009) The right to be properly researched: research with children in a messy, real world. Children’s Geographies, 7(4), 365-378. Jabeen, T. (2009) â€Å"But, I’ve never been asked†: Research with children in Pakistan. Children’s Geographies, 7(4), 405-419. Robson, E.; Porter, G.; Hampshire, K.; and Bourdillon, M. (2009) ‘Doing it right?’: working with young researchers in Malawi to investigate children, transport and mobility. Childrens Geographies, 7(4), 467-480.

Sigmund Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Sigmund Freud - Essay Example Freud compared religious practice with neurosis as it related to the unconscious forces of guilt through repetitive behavior. (Kessler, 2007, p.149)When discussing religious mysticism and the unity experience, Freud believed that the deep unconscious patterns of the womb experience and infancy were the basis of this manifestation in religion. (Kessler, 2007, p.148) Along with this, Freud viewed desire / satisfaction, feelings of security / insecurity, and the need to be accepted or loved as related to childhood patterns of family relationship. These also form the basis of the need for religion in the individual. Freud believed that the Oedipal complex was itself a universal pattern that was reflected in religious belief. He felt fundamentally that religion was an illusion, like a neurosis, and used historically for the repression of instincts. As human societies become more developed and educated, he believed, religion would increasingly be replaced by a rational and secular society where sin was redefined and guilt was not repressed. Thus, modern, cosmopolitan liberal culture and the sexual development of Western culture that has occurred since the 1920’s are an example of what Freud believed would occur when religious beliefs on the repression of basic instincts and desires were lifted by society through secularism. Carl Jung believed that Freud was too narrow in interpreting the Oedipal as universal and in basing all religious instincts on the unconscious behavior patterns of childhood. His work posited the â€Å"collective unconscious† and psychological archetypes that formed a type of deep human identity relationship with the universe and manifested through religious mythology and dream symbolism similarly. (Kessler, 2007, p.149) According to Jung, the way that the individual conceived the self and God or ultimate reality represented a gap that was to be bridged by the spiritual path or the process of self-realization. Thus, if the individual viewed the religious path as a means of self-expression of the Self’s highest values, it would be a valuable and healthy aspect of self-development, and not neurosis as Freud posited. Some claim that each psychologist’s writings reflected a cultural bias from their social position. Freud’s family was Jewish growing up in the pre-Nazi era in Austria (Vienna), while Jung was a Protestant German in the same period who relocated to Switzerland during the pre-war era. Jung was highly influenced by the German alchemical tradition, and he uses psychology as a basis to reformulate this religious philosophy into a theory of higher self-realization, while Freud’s own Oedipal complex may have been dominant and thus related to him as positing it as a cosmological principal. Similarly, Freud and Jung’s views on religions can be seen as describing their own highest Self and value systems, and based on their own understanding of the individual in relation to soc iety which is also projected subjectively into the theory. 3. A theodicy is a theological or religious justification for the existence or appearance of evil in the world. (Kessler, 2007, p.161) As Kessler states, this is the simplest definition, for on one hand evil can be defined in all manner of ways as intentional pain, suffering, violence, death, destruction, cruelty, etc. but a theodicy is generally used to reconcile these perceptions of reality with a conception of God that is pure, true, the sum of the good, and all-loving. The practical experience of an individual living in the world contradicts the ideal of a perfect, loving God generally unless it is mediated with a theodicy. The karma philosophy in Buddhism and Hinduism posits a

Performance Appraisal and Job Satisfaction in the UK Essay

Performance Appraisal and Job Satisfaction in the UK - Essay Example ance appraisal is regarded as an important process, which allows the management to analyse the performance of employees working in the organization (Aminuddin 2008, Pettijohn, et al. 2001). Employees who are satisfied with their work and tasks serve as the means for improving the overall organizational performance and it is due to this reason it has been found that above ninety percent of business corporations have systems in place for monitoring performance of the workers and staff members (Seldon, Ingraham and Jacobson 2001). The performance appraisal systems are largely placed to ensure that employees are satisfied with their jobs and this is determined by their â€Å"overall performance†, â€Å"commitment towards organization† and its goals and the â€Å"turnover rate† (Vignaswaran 2008). Considering this discussion, it is important for the management to explore and evaluate the relationship between performance appraisal systems and job satisfaction of employ ees and take the necessary measures for them to improve their performance and minimize their turnover intention. This research work is aimed at exploring the impact of an effective performance appraisal system in an organization on the job satisfaction of employees. In this regard, the research explores the relationship of performance appraisal effectiveness with overall performance, commitment and turnover of employees. Chapter one explores the relationship between an effective performance appraisal system and employees’ job satisfaction in the United Kingdom, since it enables the organizations to understand the influence placed by effective performance appraisal on the overall organizational performance and job satisfaction of the employees. The objectives and the significance of the research are also... Performance appraisal is regarded as an important area of concern in relation to human resource development and management (Aminuddin 2008, Noe et al., 2009). In business entities, performance appraisal is regarded as an important process, which allows the management to analyse the performance of employees working in the organization (Aminuddin 2008, Pettijohn et al., 2001). In the present research we will try to identify how PA affects the employees’ job satisfaction and work performance. Employees who are satisfied with their work and tasks serve as the means for improving the overall organizational performance and it is due to this reason it has been found that above ninety percent of business corporations have systems in place for monitoring performance of the workers and staff members. The performance appraisal systems are largely placed to ensure that employees are satisfied with their jobs and this is determined by their â€Å"overall performance†, â€Å"commitment towards organization† and its goals and the â€Å"turnover rate†. â€Å"Performance Appraisal has been widely practiced in both the private and public sectors in the UK and the US for 20-30 yrs.† as noted from Whyte in 1986, it is Human Resource practice that is widespread in many organizations. It should be though considered as a vital one since Performance Appraisal is actually helping the organization to motivate in the best possible way his employees, to train and develop them and they will act as being the mediators for achieving its aims, its objectives and its profitability.

The Influencing Factors To The Current UK Housing Market Assignment

The Influencing Factors To The Current UK Housing Market - Assignment Example The national population size and its composition, urbanization, the level of economic prosperity, investor speculative activities, interventionist policies by the government, monetary policy systems, just to mention but a few, are among a host of dynamic influences that play significant roles in shaping housing markets both in developing and developed economies (Leamer, 2007). Given the fact that these factors affect housing markets in every country differently in terms of intensity and persistence, it is rather difficult to capture all of them in a macro modeling system applicable to all states (Meen, 2001). In fact, what holds in an industrialized nation’s context may or may not hold true for an emerging economy. As witnessed in the recent financial crisis whose causal determinant stemmed from speculations in the housing market, the intensity of speculative activities in this particular market differ across economies (Levin and Wright, 1997). The factors that influence the U K housing market are broadly categorized into two prospects; micro and macro-economic influences. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as Gross National Product (GNP), the level of unemployment, rates of inflation, and rates of securing mortgages among other factors operating at the local level are classified as micro-economic influences. ... However, the period after 2008 has been of tough decision making for investors in the housing market. The era of good times ended with a bust following the global credit crunch and has been worsened by the recent occurrences of the euro debt crisis and the double deep recession that has persisted to date with devastating losses for investors across markets, both locally and internationally. Initiated by the U.S. subprime mortgage credit crush late in 2007, the intensity of crisis spread fast and wide to the extent that by early 2008, almost very sector in the UK had felt the pinch. Indeed, the drifts that started at the beginning of the first half of 2008 had reached both the residential and other business investment markets by the end of the second quarter (Shiller, 2008). The initial government stimulus package was being whitewashed under the watch of every investor. As the fallout from the crisis gathered drive, the strengths of the labor market weakened almost dramatically, leadi ng to significant increases in unemployment levels in every sector. Businesses had to survive whatever the costs and so sacrifices had to be made and the UK housing market was no exception. By 2009, news from the Office of National Statistics was not a surprise given the global economic performance; United Kingdom was officially in recession, having shed off 1.5 percent of its robustness in the fourth quarter of the previous year. A further drop of 2.5 percent at the close of the year further weakened the economy, causing a string of nightmares to investors (Office of National Statistics, 2009). At this point in time, unemployment levels had hit a new level high; 1.92 million,

Installation Of Solar Power System Construction Essay

Installation Of Solar Power System Construction Essay Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority is currently operating three boreholes which depend on electric power from TANESCO to operate the submersible water pumps. Moreover the Authority has plans to explore more boreholes to supplement the diminishing surface water abstraction capacity. The use of electric power from TANESCO has two major constraints to the Authority which are high tariffs and erratic power supply. Due to high tariffs, the cost of running the boreholes has become higher than the revenue received from selling of the abstracted water. Also, due to erratic power supply the population served by boreholes faces irregular water supply. According to MUWSAs 2011/2012 annual report data, electricity cost for running the boreholes was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. while the revenue realised in selling the produced water was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. this shows that, the running costs are higher than revenue by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..%. Because the Authority has plans to explore more boreholes, the electricity costs may trend hampers the sustainability of the Authority. The overall objective of this project is to implement the solar energy power system as an alternative source of power that will cut down the costs of operating the boreholes. The solar power systems will be installed at every borehole and the electricity from TANESCO will remain at borehole stations as a backup power. This project is intended to facilitate cost-effective water production and ensuring steady supply of water to the customers served through boreholes. The project will install solar energy power systems into three boreholes, and it is expected to reduce the boreholes operation costs by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦%. This project is expected to costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦TZS and will be implemented for the period of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.years. LIST OF ABBREVIATION TANESCO: Tanzania Electric Supply Company LIST OF FIGURES TABLES Figure 1: Network analysis Modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦6 Figure 2: Work breakdown structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦7 Fig 3: Organisation breakdown structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦8 Figure 4: Organisation structure of Summy Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..12 Table 1: Responsibility Matrixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦10 Table 2: project schedulingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..14 Table 3: Gantt chartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.15 Table 4: Project budgetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.17 Table 5: Risk rankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.19 Table 6: Critically matrixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.19 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION v LIST OF FIGURES TABLES vi BASIC DATA SUMMARY 1 2.0 PROJECT CHARTER AND STAKEHOLDER MAP 2 WORK AND ORGANISATION BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE 7 4.1 Social appraisal 11 4.2 Political appraisal 11 4.3 Technical appraisal 11 4.4 Environmental appraisal 11 4.5 Economical and financial appraisal 11 4.6 Sustainability and risks appraisal 11 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 12 5.1 Management arrangement 12 5.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 12 5.2.1Monitoring 13 5.2.2 Evaluation 13 5.3 Quality Management 13 5.4 Project Timing and scheduling 13 5.5 Project Gantt chart 14 5.6 Project Budgeting 16 6.1 Risk Identification 18 6.2 Risk Probability 18 6.3 Criticality Matrix 19 Risk Urgency assessment 19 Table 7: Risk Urgency assessment 20 CONCLUSION 21 REFERENCE 23 BASIC DATA SUMMARY 1.1 Project Name: Installation of Solar Energy System at MUWSA Boreholes 1.2 Organization Name: Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority 1.3 Location: Tanzania, East Africa. 1.4 Implementer: Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority Address: P.O. Box 1001 Telephone/Fax Tel: +255 (027) 51164. Fax: +255 027 54256 1.5 Contact Person Mr .Tumaini Sadikieli Marandu Position /Title: Project Manager Phone Number: 0754 319 497 1.6 Project Duration: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1.7 Total Project Cost: TSH. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 1.8 Proposed Start Date: Soon after receiving Fund 1.9 Project Beneficiaries: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. MUWSA and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦customers served with boreholes. 2.0 PROJECT CHARTER AND STAKEHOLDER MAP 2.1 Project background and rationale. Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority was established by Waterworks Act CAP 272 charged with the responsibility of providing water supply and sewerage services in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro region. It was first established in 1994 as autonomous commercial oriented water department, supervised by an Advisory Board as an outcome of implementation of the National Water Policy of 1991. In July 1998 MUWSA became an autonomous Authority with full operational, managerial and financial powers in accordance with Water Act No.8 of 1997. However, currently MUWSA operates in accordance with Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 of 2009. The Authority operates as category A and thus finances all its operational costs and part of capital investments, leaving the obligation of major capital investments to the Government. MUWSA has an average water production of 25,500m/day, which comes from natural underground aquifers through springs and boreholes before being transported through 18.4km of water transmission mains and distributed in a network having a length of 249 km. Springs contributes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.% of water produced while boreholes contribute à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.%. Springs uses gravity supply system while boreholes use electric pumps. Since MUWSA finances all its operational costs, electricity is the cost centre that has been rising annually. The electricity bill has risen from TZS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in 2011/2012 annual budget to TZS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in 2012/2013. Also production from boreholes has dropped from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦m3/day in financial year 2010/2011 to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦m3/day in 2011/2012 due to intermittent power supply. For those reasons MUWSA intends to install solar energy power systems into existing three boreholes for the aim of reducing the boreholes operation costs by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦% and ensuring steady supply of water to the customers served through boreholes. 2.2 Project Description 2.2.1 Project Title: Installation of Solar Power Systems to the three Boreholes at Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority. 2.2.2 Project Goal: Improved water supply services at areas served by boreholes by installation of new solar power systems. 2.2.3 Project Overall Objective: 2.2.3.1 To increase water supply hours in areas served by boreholes from an average of 12 hours to 24 hours per day by June 2015. Water supply services in areas served by boreholes are compromised by the intermittent power supply from TANESCO. To overcome this problem MUWSA plans to install solar power systems to the currently owned three boreholes as an alternative power solution which is reliable and cost-effective. Strategies: Collaborate with Ministry of Water and Development partners for funding the project. Composing a project team with members having relevant skills on project management and installations of solar power energy systems. Involvement of MUWSA management and the technical staffs on various stages of project implementation. 2.2.4 Project Output The outcome of this project is to have 24 hours water supply services in areas served by boreholes. Clients Reasonable Expectations: The successful completion of this project will give the following benefits: Supply of water for 24 hours especially to customers who are served by boreholes which will consequently improve their satisfaction. MUWSA will raise more revenue from water sales. The use of solar power which is of lower cost than power from TANESCO will cut down costs of operating the boreholes. Project Activities: This project will consist of the following activities. Submit the project proposal to the Ministry of Water and Development partners. Prepare project design and tender documents Procure contractor for project implementation. Site survey and clearance Lay foundation for electrical fittings house Brickworks, Roofing, and carpentry works of electrical fittings house. Lay foundation for solar panels fixing base Fix solar panels and electrical equipments. Electrical voltage tests Connecting power to the water pumps Water pump tests Handover the project. 2.2.7 Stakeholders Analysis This project will involve various people who have an interest on it. Customers who are served by boreholes Management of Moshi Urban Water Supply And Sewerage Authority Ministry of Water Development partners Local and Regional administrations Politicians Project team 2.2.8 Project Logical Framework uhdsfuhd 2.2.7 Cost of the Project: 2,250,000,000/= (See attached budget) 2.2.8 Duration of Project: The completion of this project will be after five years. After completion the final evaluations will be conducted at the end of year five extensively to review the whole project so as it will sustainable for long run. 2.2.10 Project strategy This project needs strategies which will facilitate the project to achieve its project goal and objectives. Such strategies are; To use a project team which consists of members who are expertise in construction of building and are very committed to the work. To involve TPSC management and students who will use that hostel in stakeholder analysis 2.2.12 Logical frame Work see annex. WORK AND ORGANISATION BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE This section deals with work and organisation breakdown structure, network analysis and responsibility matrix of the project. 3.1 Network Analysis Model for year one .Critical Path Method (CPM) 0 0 0 START 0 1 1 A 0 0 1 1 35 36 B 1 0 36 1 30 41 C 6 5 36 36 70 106 D 36 0 106 106 60 166 E 106 0 166 166 100 266 F 166 0 266 366 FINISH 366 266 20 286 H 351 80 371 266 100 366 G 266 0 366 Critical path and milestone is START -A -B -D -E -F -G FINISH Figure 1: Network analysis Model 3.2 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE Construction of hostel Sub Structure Structure Finishing Visit site Prepare Land Design House Plan Lay Foundation Brickwork to all floors Roof carpentry Fix windows and doors Install Electricity Painting Install toilet bathroom Plumping pipe work Brickwork to floor 1 Brickwork to floor 2 Brickwork to floor 3 Brickwork to floor 4 Figure 2: Work breakdown structure 3.3 Organisation breakdown structure (project organisation structure) Project Manager Engineers Plumbers Carpenters Decorators Builder Designer Fig 3: Organisation breakdown structure 3.4 Responsibility matrixes OBS Name WBS Task Project Manager Designer Builder Engineers Plumber Carpenter Decorator Visit site A R R Design House Plan R A R Prepare Land R A Lay Foundation R A Brickwork to all floors R A Roof carpentry R R A Fix windows and doors R A Install Electricity R A Painting R A Plumping pipe work R A Table 1: Responsibility Matrix A: Means accountable person R: means responsible person PROJECT APPRAISAL This section will assess the practicability of the project. It will give the accurate analysis of the project economically, socially, politically and environmentally. Appraisal show whether the project is technically sounds, financially justified and if have benefit or negative impact to the society and government as whole. 4.1 Social appraisal This project will have high impact to the target group (Students of TPSC) and society at large. This project will help many students to stay within the campus at low cost ie.Tsh.200,000/= per semester. Society living around the college will benefit by selling goods and services to students. 4.2 Political appraisal This project is compatible with government policy. This is because one of the goals in Tanzania government policy is to provide quality education. 4.3 Technical appraisal The project will use technology which is familiar to our experts. There is no need of requesting foreign consultancy outside the country. Although in terms material resources there is need of requesting some resource material from abroad. 4.4 Environmental appraisal This project will not affect the environment. This project will protect environment because trees will be planted across the building and roads. Those trees will protect land and keep good atmosphere. 4.5 Economical and financial appraisal This project will increase national income and will be a source of temporary employment to 100 peoples in Tabora region. This project will generate an approximated of Tsh. 2,000,000,000 after 5 years. See income statements under budget. 4.6 Sustainability and risks appraisal Sustainability of this project is high. This project will be sustainable from implementation and after being completed. Although there are some risk which will have impact to the project success. Such risk includes delay of fund, bad weather, key employee will not present when needed and currency inflation which can cause price of material to rise up. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN This part gives short explanations about Management arrangement, Budgeting, Monitoring and evaluation and Quality management of the project. 5.1 Management arrangement Organisation structure is among components in organisation which affect performance within organization Operations.Summy Company is the company which is operate well due to good organisation structure. Below is the organisation structure of Summy Company which implement this project. C.E.O Human Resource Manager Procurement manager Finance manager IT manager Project manager Heads of department in project Figure 4: Organisation structure of Summy Company 5.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation is very important in any project implementation. This is because in project, monitoring and evaluation enables to know the progress of the project, if money and resources are used according to the plan, to resolve conflict among project staffs, to check the quality of the product or service provided as well as to assess whether the project meets the stakeholder needs or not. 5.2.1Monitoring This project will be monitored daily by project manager and other project team members who will be formulated by project manager. This process will be done every day in order to check if the project activities are done effectively and correct according to the stakeholder needs and to resolve conflict among project team 5.2.2 Evaluation Evaluation of this project will be done annually at three levels. Level one will include the project implementing team. The overall in charge manager of this level is project manager. The second level of evaluation will involve different stakeholders and internal specialist evaluator. The third evaluation of this project will include external project evaluator. The project evaluator evaluates the whole project annually and then prepares evaluation annual report of the project. Areas to evaluate will include checking the cash outflow in a project, the resources plan, and implementation schedule, overall progress of the project and the direction of the project. Evaluation will allow project manager and management team to make decisions in order to meet project deadline, to produce quality product or services and to use money according to the budget allocated. But evaluation team of year five will includes internal and external experts of evaluation, stakeholders who have high interest and high power within a project, project manager, project sponsor, government and community. 5.3 Quality Management The purpose of quality Management is to ensure that the projects meet specification and customer requirements (Smith 2008). This project will produce the product which has high quality. In order to manage the quality of the product, the quality management team will be created. This quality management team will work together with monitoring and evaluation team. 5.4 Project Timing and scheduling This project will be done into four phases. Phase one will be completed at the end of year one, phase two will be completed at the end of year two, phase three will be completed at the end of year three and phase four will be completed at the end of year five. The table below shows project activities with its corresponding durations. Table 2: Project scheduling S.NO Activity Duration in (Days) Immediate Predecessors Visit site 01 Design house Plan 35 A Prepare Land 35 AB Lay foundation 70 C Pouring water on foundation 60 D Brickwork to floor 1 100 E Pouring water on floor 1 100 F Monitoring and Evaluation 20 G Brickwork to floor 2 100 G,EF Pouring water on floor 2 100 I Brickwork to floor 3 100 J Pouring water on floor 3 100 K Monitoring and evaluation 14 L Brickwork to floor 4 100 M,K Pouring water on floor 4 100 N Roof carpentry 90 O Fix windows and doors 90 P Install toilets and bathroom 90 Q Plumping pipe work 90 P Install Electricity 90 P U. Monitoring and evaluation 14 T V. Writing project report 30 U W. Project closure/submit project to client 1 V5.5 Project Gantt chart Activity Duration(days) Immediate Predecessor Numbers of duration in years but divided into phase of 6 months 1 2 3 4 5 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts A 01 B 35 A C 35 AB D 70 C E 60 D F 100 E G 100 F H 20 G I 90 GEF J 60 I K 90 J L 60 K M 14 L N 100 M,K O 60 N P 60 O Q 60 P R 60 Q S 70 P T 70 P U 14 T 5.6 Project Budgeting PROJECT BUDGET (IN TSH) 000 NARRATION YEARS TOTAL INCOME 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 NSSF 240,000 220,000 200,000 185,000 270,000 1,115,000 PSPF 270,000 300,000 190,000 210,000 165,000 1,135,000 Total Income 510,000 520,000 390,000 395,000 435,000 2,250,000 Expenditure Administrative expenses (A) Currency in TSH. 1 C.E.O 15,000 18,000 22,000 25,000 28,000 108,000 2 Project Manager 18,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 128,000 3 Engineers 7,000 8,000 9,000 11,000 15,000 50,000   4 Human Resource Manager 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 17,000 69,000   5 Accountant 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 50,000 6 Personal secretary 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 26,000 7 Transport allowances 10,000 12,000 13,000 15,000 16,000 66,000 8 Monitoring and Evaluation 7,000 10,000 13,000 _ 15,000 45,000 9 Contingency 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 35,000 Subtotal (A) 82,000 92,000 118,000 115,000 147,000 542,000 equipments Expenses (B) Currency in TSH. 1 Office equipment 8,000 _ _ _ 8,000 2 Office furniture 12,000 _ _ _ 12,000 3 1 Project Vehicles 70,000 _ _ _ _ 70,000 4 Fuel 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 70,000 Subtotal (C) 100,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 160,000 Construction Expenses(C) Currency in TSH. 1 Designing Work 13,000 _ _ _ _ 13,000 2 Electrical work _ _ _ _ 50,000 50,000 3 Engineering Work 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 250,000 4 Plumbing Work _ _ 30,000 35,000 40,000 105,000 5 Building Work 100,000 120,000 130,000 150,000 170,000 670,000 6 Carpenters Work _ _ _ 50,000 55,000 105,000 Roofing Work _ _ _ 30,000 30,000 60,000 7 Labour Charge 40,000 45,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 265,000 8 Decorator work _ _ _ _ 30,000 30,000 Sub Total (C) 193,000 210,000 260,000 380,000 505,000 1,548,000 Grand Total 2,250,000 Table 4: Project budget PROJECT RISK ANALYSIS According to businessdictionary.com(2011),Risk is a probability or threat of a damage, injury, liability, loss, or other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be neutralized through pre-emptive action. All projects have risks which in one way or another may affect the project to meet the goal and objectives according to the plan. In order to overcome these risks project manager is required to overcome potential hazards that a project may be exposed to. 6.1 Risk Identification This project will face the following risks; Delaying of fund Poor time management and budget Bad weather Key employee will not present when needed Required resource material will not be delivered on time Inflation Natural Hazard Labour strike 6.2 Risk Probability S/NO Risk Name Probability of Occurrence A Delaying of fund Low B Poor time management and budget Low C Bad weather Low D Key employee will not present when needed Medium E Required resource material will not be delivered on time Low F Inflation Medium G Natural Hazard Low H Labour strike Low Table 5: Risk ranking 6.3 Criticality Matrix According to a lecture delivered as part of module ARUM28EMK criticality matrix can be used to identify risk based on marking the probability and impact assessment: High, Medium and Low (Sassman 2011). Low Probability Medium Probability High Probability High Impact Delaying of fund Poor time management and budget Labour strike Inflation Medium Impact Required resource material will not be delivered on time Key employee will not present when needed Low Impact Bad weather Natural Hazard Table 6: Critically matrix Risk Urgency assessment Risk Name Risk Category Probability of Occurrence Magnitude of Impact Risk response Low Medium High Low Medium High A Financial Follow up source of fund several times B Operational Set stable budget and contingency C Environmental Flexible on doing activities D Resource Prepare two or more key persons ,dont depends on one person E Resource To order material in advance F Financial To increase budget G Environmental To increase Contingency fund H Operational Conduct several meeting with employee Table 7: Risk Urgency assessment CONCLUSION This project focuses on construction of students hostel at Tanzania Public Service College (TPSC) Tabora Campus. The construction of hostel will increase number of students at TPSC as well as their academic performance. This project is very important project because it addresses the problems facing TPSC students and gives the output which will solve the existing problems. Also this project will not affect environment but will facilitate the conservation of environment. Through this project more than 100 peoples will get temporary work which will give them income. So this project will benefit students of TPSC Tabora Campus as well as the country as a whole. ANNEX 1: LOGICAL FRAME WORK NARRATIVE SUMMARY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION ASSUMPTIONS/RISKS Overall goal To improve academic performance and standard of living for students through building hostel by 2016. Reduced number of failures by 40% Increase number of student living within the campus by 50% Examination Result Hostel data Project purpose To build hostel at TPSC Tabora Campus that will accommodate 1000 students Number of students living within Campus increased by 50% Working hostel Hostel and Admission data Delay of fund Lack of Material Natural hazard Output(Expected Results) Working Hostel Academic Performance improved by 40% Students who attends night lecture are increased by 40% Students living within the College increased by 40% Increased number of pass by 40% Increased number of students who attends night lecture by 40% Increased number of students who living within the Campus by 40% Examination results Class Attendance Hostel data Activities Visit site Design house Plan Prepare Land/ clear site Lay foundation Brickwork to all floors Roof carpentry Fix windows and doors Install

How the microhistories work against and within the apparatus of society

Michel de Certeau, focuses on how practical means remain unconsumed by consumer society; Luce Giard delves into the tactics of resistance and private practices that turn living into a subversive art. Both two theorize the idea of â€Å"making do†, emphasizing on how the microhistories work against and within the apparatus of society. Influenced by Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, Michel de Certeau tends to integrate the theories of conscious and unconscious with his notion of everyday practice, focusing on the interrelation, interaction, interreiteration between the force of strategy and the power of tactic. Certeau’s concept strongly echoes to Foucault’s notion of disciplinary system in modern society, further nourishing it with plebeian energy. In chapter III â€Å"’Making Do’: Uses and Tactics†, he theorizes the productive practice and consumptive activity inherent in repetitive and unconscious everyday life. A strategy, which is linked to institutions and structures of power( producer), according to Certeau, is called â€Å"the calculation( or manipulation) of power relationships that becomes possible as soon as a subject with will and power†¦can be isolated†(35-36), whereas â€Å"a tactic is a calculated action determined by the absence of a proper locus†(36-37), and is used by individuals( consumers) to resist to the dominant order in environment defined by strategies. In chapter VII, â€Å"Walking in the City†, Certeau contends that the city, described as a unified whole by maps is generated by the strategies of governments, corporations, and other institutions. Certeau argues that, everyday life, which works by a process of poaching on the territory of others, though, using the principles, rules, constructions, products established in th... ...ody technique, they ways in which from society to society men know how to use their bodies†(203). Superimposed invention, tradition, and education give the gesture â€Å"a form of efficacy that suits the physical makeup and practical intelligence†(203). Gestures lasts only as long as its utility function, when they die out, â€Å"words sometimes still subsist, in the memory of the bygone past†(208). By examining the new market habits, Giard points out that the gestures and practice of the buying woman have had to be transformed into a new killed ability in order to negotiate with those habits, which construct â€Å"a collective scientific knowledge†(209). Giard concludes that in the age of overmodernization, â€Å"room remains for microinventions†, for people working on their physical activities to make choice among the tools and commodities produced within the social apparatus.

How Becoming an Adult Has Changed Christmas Essay

I love the holidays, they bring a special joy to my life, they make me smile even if things may not be going as planned in my life; just the thought of family and friends spending time together is a great big deal in my family. I now get to experience the feeling and joys my parents did when they see me opening my presents. My children are so precious and I love having every memorial moment with them. We still do the same things at Grandmas every year nothing has changed except for the fact that I’m a Mother now. I can distinctively remember the Christmas of 2006; it was the year my son (Jaylen) was born. It’s the year I realized that my spoiled days were over and it was not only about me any more. It was the first time I actually realized that I’m Mommy now! It was a very fearful and joyful moment at the same time; my family didn’t pay as much attention to me anymore. They were occupied with my new baby boy (Jaylen), I was extremely happy, they had taken to my son because 18 months earlier they were a little upset that I was going to have a baby(they thought I was too young). My dad was the happiest I have seen him in years, he was a proud grand pap. I’ll admit I was a little jealous because all the attention was no longer on just me I had to now share it. Then again I sat back and thought I’m an adult now and I should not be treated like a baby anymore, so from that point forward I found the grown up I had hidden inside. Thirty-three months (two and a half years) later there was an addition to my family for the holiday, I had my daughter JaKailah, she was a great gift after losing our Nana Boat in June of 2009. My daughter was born just 13 days later (June 21 2009); my grandmother and I both feel as though she is a part of Nana Boat in many ways. Not having our Nana Boat with us on Christmas anymore is a huge void; she is their saying â€Å"just give the children what ever they want, they are our special gifts from god†. One thing that has stayed the same is all holidays are special in my family, but Christmas is still the most important. All my family still meet at Grandma’s house every year. We have family from every where that comes in from out of state to celebrate this special occasion. Every year our Christmas routine has stayed the same; grandma has a special way of making every holiday memorable, she was also very particular about time, there was a time for everything we did on Christmas. She has a set schedule between 9:00 am and 10:00 am. Everyone shows up at grandmas to put their presents under the tree. Grandma has breakfast made for everyone every Christmas pancakes, bacon, sausage, eggs and toast. Then at 11:30am it is time to give each other the presents we have for one another. By the time we were all done opening presents it is time for us to have dinner at 2:30. WOW! We could smell that great food cooking the whole time we were opening our presents. As a child I can remember many traditions sheared with my family. Because there were so many people staying at Grandma’s for the holidays. I can remember making pallets (beds) on the floor with my cousins so the adults could have the beds and air mattresses. My cousins and I would stay up really late and sleep until the after noon. After waking up I can remember my Uncle Bobbie; he looked just like Mr. Rodgers (from Mr. Rodger Neighborhood) he has the same blue sweater and those same blue tie up shoes. I would wake up and say good morning, Mr. Rodgers it is going to be a wonderful day in the neighbor hood. I was a very spoiled child; I got what ever I wanted, when I wanted it from every one in my family. I have even started my own traditions with my children, we have one day where we all sit down at the dining room table after Thanksgiving and we tell each other what we would like to have Santa Clause bring us for Christmas. I have even found a count down to Christmas calendar filled with chocolate candies, it starts at twenty-five and end at one; what you do with this calendar is you start at twenty-five and every night eat one piece of chocolate and by the time its Christmas eve there is one less piece of chocolate remaining. Basically it is a count down to Christmas by eating a piece of chocolate each night until Christmas. My children are still very young so we are still in the process of coming up with new traditions. Things in life change so fast with out notice, some good and some bad, I just make the best of what I have. I always thought that I would need to be the center of attention, but this Christmas I learned that it’s not always about me. Each and every member of my family was very important in many ways. Each of us have our own roles and it works for my family. My fiance is a very quiet, laid back, stay out the way type of person. My Aunt is crazy for the kids, she literally buys them everything. My uncle is the strict no nonsense kind of guy who like the kids to stand in the corner. Uncle what can I say about him? Oh wow he’s the grouch, always yelling, the Children are too loud make them sit down. My dad always happy and feeding into what ever the kids say, do this and do that. Pappi mostly hiding in the room away from everyone to stay away from the chaos. My mom she is the clean freak always running around after every one cleaning up behind them. My Nana Boat she was all for the kids give, give, give that all she knew when it came to her baby’s. My brothers and sister they are needy, always wanting something that they really do not need. Being the big sister I have to love them(I do very much so. I’m only going to talk about my immediate family, because if not you will be here reading for months. As for my-self I’m kind of a reserved person; I just sit back and watch what’s going on around me. I can remember the time it took my grandma to prepare for Christmas; she would bake for weeks. She would let me help her make cookies, pies, fudge, and my most favorite of all chocolate covered pretzels with sprinkles. I can still smell those cookies and pies bake. Being with my grandma and helping her bake was the best feeling in the world. Still to this day my grandma still lets me help her bake for Christmas. She doesn’t leave out my children, they are right there with their hands in the dough, just getting as messy as possible. I know every edition to or family makes Christmas every year more and more enjoyable. I believe that each and every Christmas changes each and every person in my family for the better. CODA: There are a few reasons why I chose to use Frank McCourt â€Å"Limerick Homecoming† essay from the book Angela’s Ashes published in 1996. One reason I chose to use this essays style to revise my family essay is because Frank McCourt showed how to go from past to present tense in the same essay to tell about a special event in this life. Another reason I believe that this essay showed that no matter how bad things are at one point or another in your life that having your family around can make things all the better. Lastly, I chose this essay to because I related to the characters, meaning that I related to them so not coming from a rich family, not graduating high school and still striving to make it in this world .

disorders essays

disorders essays Causes, Symptoms, Complications and Treatments for the eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa. Eating disorders are devastating behavioral maladies brought on by a complex interplay of factors, which may include emotional and personality disorder, family pressure, a possible genetic or biological susceptibility and a culture in which there is an over abundance of food and an obsession with thinness. Eating disorders are generally characterized as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and eating disorders not other wise specified. According to the World of Psychology anorexia is defined as " an eating disorder characterized by an overwhelming, irrational fear of being fat, compulsive dieting to the point of self starvation and excessive weight loss."(World of Psychology Page 317). There are some causes, symptoms, complications and treatment of anorexia nervosa. There is no single cause for the eating disorder anorexia but a number of factors including emotional disorders and cultural influences. Researchers have shown that emotional disorders such as depression collaborate in causing anorexia nervosa. This is because most anorexic patients have been found to have abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters particularly serotonin, that are associated with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. According to a research conducted by Dr. John .E. Godine of Harvard Medical School " studies are finding that low blood levels of amino acid tryptophan, a component in food that is essential to the production of serotonin, can produce depression and may also contribute to anorexia nervosa" (Psychology Today Page 17, May 97). Researches have also shown that changes in seasons affects both depression and eating disorders and also that onset of anorexia appears to peak in May, which is also a peak month for suicide. Anxiety disorde rs are also very common with anorexia. Phobias and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) usu...

Cyrano de Bergerac Quotes - Edmond Rostand

'Cyrano de Bergerac' Quotes - Edmond Rostand Cyrano de Bergerac  is the most famous play by Edmond Rostand. The work is about Cyrano, a marvelous character who is witty, passionate and full of vitality. He is known for his big nose, which becomes a problem when he falls in love with his beautiful cousin, Roxane. Here are a few quotes from   Cyrano de Bergerac: What if she turns out to be a prudeor an intellectual? I wouldnt dare speak to her, I dont have the brains. The way people speak and write nowadays makes my head hurt. Im just an honest, simple, terrified soldier.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1Hes famous for his longsword.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1Cyrano de Bergerac, that specter, that paragon,That terror of trifles from Norway to Aragon,Both genius and monster, unique, unexplainable,He has every quirk and every virtue obtainable.His clothes? As outlandish as his personalityThree huge plumes for his hatTo hell with frugality!Bizarrest of all the birds hatched out of Gascony-Is your cause a lost one? Youve only to ask and heWill rush to defend you with wit and audacity,With valor beyond mankinds normal capacity,This dreamer whose vigor, whose kindness, whose verityAre great as his noseGod forgive my temerity!But truly that nose is the glorious cross he bears,Like some raging sardonic demons emboss he wears .Ive heard strangers cry, Waitand well see it taken off!But that mans nasal destiny cannot be shaken off!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1 Swine! Did I not forbid you to appear?!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1My nose is Gargantuan! You little Pig-snout, you tiny Monkey-Nostrils, you virtually invisible Pekinese-Puss, dont you realize that a nose like mine is both scepter and orb, a monument to me superiority? A great nose is the banner of a great man, a generous heart, a towering spirit, an expansive soulsuch as I unmistakably am, and such as you dare not to dream of being, with your bilious weasels eyes and no nose to keep them apart! With your face as lacking in all distinctionas lacking, I say, in interest, as lacking in pride, in imagination, in honesty, in lyricismin a word, as lacking in nose as that other offensively bland expanse at the opposite end of your cringing spinewhich I now remove from my sight by stringent application of my boot!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1My wit is more polished than your mustache. The truth which I speak strikes more sparks from mens hearts than your spurs do from the cobblestones.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1 Thus I toss my poor hat aside,And shrug off my threadbare cape,The crowds eyes are open wideAnd many a mouth is agape,As I take my sword by the napeAnd draw out its form so fineFrom which there is no escape,For tonight, Valvertyou are mine!Too bad that you chose to derideThis vicious old Bergerac ape(My teeth are as hard as my hide),Yet when you are dead I will drapeYour corpse with the finest of crepe,So that all know your taste was divine,Though you should have avoided a scrapeWith the masterfor now, you are mine!I must find now a sharp rhyme for prideYoure panting, youre red as a grape!Is that ardor or terror inside?What began as a lark, as a jape,Now concludes with a rout, with a rape,With your virginal courage supine,As a puddle on honors landscape-Turn around, little girlyou are mine!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1Its a shame, sir, to alter a shapeAs refined, as expensive as thine,But, to spare you lifes endless red tape,I will edit youThere you are mine!- Edmond Ro stand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1 I know. I outnumber them, but I shall go gently with them at first.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1Does it seem strange: a hundred cutthroats against one poor poet? It is not strange. It is a minimal defense, mademoiselle(Drawing his sword; quietly.)when that poet is a friend of Cyrano de Bergerac.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 1Youre a genuinely good man. There arent many of you left.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 2His face is like yours, burning with spirit and imagination. He is proud and noble and young and fearless and beautiful- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 2(Hand on the hilt of his sword.) I shall mortalize the lot of you!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 2I would die at the stake rather than change a semi-colon!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 2Do they? Those large empty machines which twist and turn in every gust of fashion?- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 2Beware: they can gather you easily in their lofty arms and hurl you down to the gutter!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 2 It is addressed to the bravest, the brainiest, the blondest, the most beautiful woman on earth! How could she think it was meant for anyone but her?- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 2Youre not totally immune to me, are you? (Roxane smiles cryptically.) Why else would you concoct such a delicious revenge? It must be a gesture of love.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 3Yes, it is perfect. Your white gown swathed in the blue-black mantle of night. I am only a voice, and you are a point of light. I may have spoken Beautifully to you in the past- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 3Through the whirlwind which your eyes stir up inside me. But now, in this blessed darkness, I feel I am speaking to you for the first time.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 3And what is a kiss, specifically? A pledge properly sealed, a promise seasoned to taste, a vow stamped with the immediacy of a lip, a rosy circle drawn around the verb to love. A kiss is a message too intimate f or the ear, infinity captured in the bees brief visit to a flower, secular communication with an aftertaste of heaven, the pulse rising from the heart to utter its name on a lovers lip: Forever.- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 3 Gods whiskers! Your face is hideous as the demons in my storybook!- Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 3There. There is our soul. The same reed, the same fingers which have piped us into combat, call us softly home, in our thoughts. This is no longer the shrill call to attack, it is every shepherd who ever inhabited our land, whispering his sheep to fold. Listen. It is your hillside, your earth, your forestyour younger brother, suntanned under his red woolen cap. It is the green solitude of nights you spent beside the  Sordogne.  Listen  my countrymen. It is our country calling.- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 4You saved your life. At the expense of your honor.- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 4From the King of KingsLove- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 4Oh, dont take it so hard. I drove into this madness. Every woman needs a little madness in her life.- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 4Remarkable. Youre as casual about death as if it were the  theatre.- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 4 She said, If you were ugly, I would only love you more.- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 4How obvious it is nowthe gift you gave him. All those letters, they were you... All those beautiful powerful words, they were you!...  The voice from the shadows, that was you... You always loved me!- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 5Ragueneau: Oh, my colleague - we laughed - we laughed-! Cyrano: Well, my greatest victories were won under an assumed name.- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 5Cyrano: I know, you will leave me with nothingneither the laurel nor the rose. Take it all then! There is one possession I take with me from this place. Tonight when I stand before Godand bow low to him, so that my forehead brushes his footstool, the firmamentI will stand again and proudly show Him that one pure possessionwhich I have never ceased to cherish or to share with all- Edmond Rostand,  Cyrano de Bergerac, Act 5

Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech Essay

Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech - Essay Example But that is not what was desired by Martin Luther King. The purpose of the speech was to demand equality and justice for African Americans. What makes the speech remarkable is its content and the passion with which it was delivered. Before the success of American Civil Rights Movement the condition of blacks in America was deplorable. They didn’t have equal rights and were discriminated against because of the color of their skin. The whole movement was triggered by small resistances such as that of Rosa Parks. On 1st December 1955, she refused to give up her seat for a white man. As a consequence of her refusal action was taken against her and she lost her job. This incident created a furor in the black community. Martin Luther King was a great admirer of non-violence. He was greatly inspired by Gandhi and wanted to campaign for his people’s rights in a non-violent manner. He indeed visited India in 1959 and was impressed by the way Indians had fought for Independence with non-violent methods (Ramdin, 2004). After the speech, Martin Luther King cemented his position has one of the greatest political orators of all time. It is a lesser known fact that much of the speech was an improvisation. There was an original speech and it was present right before him on the podium. But after sensing the mood and sentiments of the people and on encouragement from Mahalia Jackson, Martin Luther King decided to touch their hearts. He spoke from his heart about the pain of African Americans and how they felt under the oppressive laws. He spoke about his dream of seeing black and white people living together in harmony. The dream stretched far beyond the present times and touched the future generations as he dreamed about black and white kids playing together and going to school together. Many experts believe that after this speech Martin Luther King became the most powerful person in America at that time. He was the founder of Southern Christian

Foreign Direct Investment in India and China Essay

Foreign Direct Investment in India and China - Essay Example Statistics reveal that in 2001 alone, China received around US $ 53 billion FDI while India's figures did not cross even US $ 4 billion indicating that it was below 10 % of what China had attracted ( Internet, Ong, China, FDI : China V.S. India / chart). If you go further, China had attracted a phenomenal amount of US $ 60 billions in 2004 while India had received a meagre sum of US $ 5.3 billions in that year (Internet, Venkitaramanan, 2005, Para 9). Now it is clear that inflow of FDI into China had increased from $ 53 billion in 2001 to $ 60 billion having a growth of $ 7 billion in just 3 years while India had seen an increase of just $1.3 billion during the period. This difference has been continuously growing year after year making China the most sought after destination for the investing MNCs. And India has been really struggling to attract more and more FDI into its soil. This difference is really vast considering that both countries have opened up their economies and moved ahead with economic reforms becoming the Asian giants. Both of them are high potential consumer markets too because of their huge populations. But, these two countries are still the developing economies and have been desperately looking for huge volumes of FDI for economic growth. Because of the severe resource crunch at home, developing nations have been increasingly looking at alternate investment resources for boosting up their industrial growth and creating employment opportunities. Globalisation and internet revolution have only strengthened the importance of FDI but truly the investing multinational corporations / enterprises go by several factors in choosing the final destination of their huge investments. Krugell argues that the aim of MNCs in internationalising their production is to generate more profits and earn more money through the full exploitation of local markets and cheap factors of production (Krugell, 2005 P 53). It is therefore natural for MNCs to invest in countries that would fetch them cheap but efficient labour and highly rated technical expertise among other things. Let us examine and discuss in detail how these and other factors have been playing different roles in attracting FDI and creating the disparity in relation to China and India. 3 Main essay China has certainly reached an enviable position in relation to attracting FDI. It has become a favourite spot for all MNCs for pumping in their investments. In fact, China had overtaken the US as the top global destination for FDI in 2003 (Internet, Business line, 2004, Para 1). The USA had of course regained its number one position in the very next year, followed by United Kingdom and China (Internet, Venkitaramanan, 2005, Para 3). Standing next only to the US and the UK, China has been consuming major share of the FDI among all the developing nations. When we compare the Chinese position with that of India, we are bound to conclude that India is not that much favoured by the MNCs. But there is a world of difference on the perception of FDI between these two countries. United Nations Organisation (UNO, 2003, P 88) reveals that India does not treat as FDI reinvested earnings by foreign companies, overseas commercial borrowings, investments between direct investors / associate companies / subsidiaries and investments by offshore and domestic venture capital funds. On the other hand, China considers a good number of heads as